-

CONTENTS

1. Editorial …………………………………………..………………………..……..

2. Lehkhathawn : ……………………………………………….…………....…….

North Vanlaiphai Farming Cooperative Society, Ltd.

3. Zawhna leh Chhanna ……………………………….….……………………

4. Pataima Huang - …………………………….…….………………..……...….

- Pu Lalthanmawia Sailo, N. Vanlaiphai.

5. Agriculture Department hnathawktute fuihna - …….……..….

- Pu Aichhinga, Hon’ble Minister of Agriculture etc. Mizoram.

6. Awareness for Self - Sufficiency in Food in Mizoram - .….….

- H.T. Darbuka, AEO DAO Aizawl East Office.

7. Kan ram (Mizoram) leilung luangral tur ven nan Lo nghet

neih a tul - ………………………………………………… ..…….…………….

- Robert Lalthanmawia, Class-XI/D/48, Synod Higher School.

8. Taiwan ah chuan - ………………………………..……………………....…

- Pu H. Lalthanpuia, Training Associate, K.V.K. Kolasib.

9. Thailand lamah - ………………………….………..................................

- Pu R.K. Nithanga, SDAO, Darlawn.

10. Role of Bio-fertilizers for Enhancing the Maize Productivity

in Mizoram - ………………………………….………………………………..

- Dr. K.Laximinarayana, Scientist (Soil Science), ICAR Kolasib.

11. Keimahni - ………………………………………………………….....……….

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2001

2003

Editor

Dr. O. P. Singh

Director of Agriculture

& Minor Irrigation

Joint Editors

C. Lalzarliana

Jt. Director (LUB)

H. Thankhuma

Dy. Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

R.Zoramthanga

AAIO

Directorate of Agriculture

Cir. Manager

Saitluanga Sailo

Foreman

Zoram Loneitu-a

thu chhuah duh nei

emaw, lehkha thawn

duh emaw chuan a

hnuaia Address-ah

thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box – 098

Dte. of Agriculture,

Mizoram : Aizawl.

Pin - 796001

Editorial……..

Hei le, kum thar 2002 chu kan lo chhuang chhuak leh ta reng mai a. Zoram Loneitu

chanchinbu chuan Zoram Loneitu chhiartu zawng zawng Kumthar chibai a buk a che u.

Zoram-a Loneitu zawng zawngte Kum thara in Thlawhhma lakna turah kan duhsakna kan

hlan a che u. Sap thufing chuan “Tumna a awm chuan kawng a awm thin” a ti a “Tumna a

san chuan tlakna a sang” tih a ni bawk a. Kum 2002 kan hman chhoh turah hian eng chen

nge tan lak kan tum ve le? “A bul tan that chu a zahve zo tluk a ni” tihah te hian engtiangin

nge bul kan tan ve dawn?

Kum kalta chhung khan Zoram Loneitute mi eng emaw zat chu India ram hmun

hrang hrangah an loneih dan tha zawkte a hmunah ngei ena tih dan tha zawk, hmuchhuak

ve turin Mizoram Agriculture Department chuan a zin tir a. Rah tha tak pawh a chhuah

turah ngai ila. Vai ram leh Zoram chuan in an lohna tam tak a nei ngei ang. An rama chin

chi zawng zawng chu kan ramah a chin ve chi kher lovang, chutiang bawkin kan rama

chin chi zawng zawngte Vairamah chuan a chin chi ve kher lovang. Bible-ah chuan

‘Pathianin mihring chu chi tam tak thlaha leilung luah khat turin a siam’ tih kan hmu a.

Eitur min pe thei lo se inthlahpun a, chhungkaw din a tum lovang. Chhungkua din phal tu

chuan eitur min pek a huam ngei ang le. Kan eitur tharna tur khawp chu leilung pawh

min pek ring ngam ila. Mahse, kan eitur ngaihtuah tur chuan heng talent min pek,

hriselna, tha leh zung, remhriatna leh taimakna te hi kan hman ve chu a ngai a ni.

Eizawn dan hrang hrang a awm a, heng sawrkar hna te, Contract hna te, Sumdawn

te, ranvulh leh kut hnathawk kan tih mai - loneih leh huan siam a eizawnna te hi kan hriat

lar deuhte chu a ni awm e. Mahni nihna leh dinhmun hriat loh hi atna chi khat chu a ni.

Ram changkang zawkah chuan kut hnathawh kan tih mai a eizawng hi hna hmuhsitawm a

ni lo. Lonei a eizawng tu ten tlawmngaih a la lovin kan eizawnna tur, kan kova tla hi

lungawi takin pawm ngam ila. Mihringin kan zawn ber chu hlimna leh thlamuanna a ni.

Hlim tih hriatna awlsam tak chu nuih hi a ni. Office kalkawnga kal nge nui ring feh kawng

a kal? Dawrnghahnaah nge thlawhlaiah nula tlangval an nuih rin zawk tih te hi han

chhang ve chhin teh. Heng thlamuanna, hlimna leh engthawlna te hi thahrimna a hlawh

chhuah ngai a ni. Hnathawktu chu hlawh hmu tlak a ni tih a ni si a.

To,

The Director,

Agriculture & Minor Irrigation Department,

Mizoram, Aizawl.

Subj: Lawmthu,

Kapu,

A hmasain, nang leh I thawhpui (Officers leh staff) te chibai kan buk a che u.

Keini, N.Vanlaiphai Farming Crop. Society Ltd., N.Vanlaiphai chuan, kan harsatna

kawng tam takah, I Department duhsakna leh phungbawmna kan dawngin, hlawhtlinna

(achievement) duhawm tak tak kan neih belh zel avangin, I hnenah LAWMTHU kan han

sawi e.

A bik takin, N.Vanlaiphai ram, Hlawnkawng W.R.C.neituten, Tui an harsatna te I

hnena kan rawn thlen anga, hna min thawhsakna kawngah, Pu Thanliana, Jt.Director leh

Pu Zara J.E. te chuan, khawchhe hnuaiah pawh, hrehawm pawisa lovin taima taka min

enkawl sak avang leh Ro tling ngei tura min thawhsak avangin, LAWMTHU kan sawi duh

bawk a.

He Tui-lak min thawhsak atang hian peihfel ala ni lo chungin leh kumin ruahtui

tam lutukin Buh min tihchhiat sak chung pawhin hlawhtlinna duhawm tak kan nei nghal

a, hetiangin :-

1. Tu min laksak hma-a, kumtinh Buh thar dan : 3606 Tins (approx.).

2. Tui min laksak atanga kumin, 2001 Buh thar : 4740 Tins (actual harvest).

3. Hlawkna………………… : 1134 Tins.

Tin, Hlawn kawng WRC atanga Tui min laksak mek hi, ruahman anga peihfel anih

a, WRC Bial finkhawm te zawh fel anih hunah chuan, anilo berah, 2500 Tins thar belh

ngei kan beisei bakah, Thal/Thlasik thlai tam tham kan thar chhuah ngei kan beisei bawk

a ni.

Heng, hlawhtlinna kan neih belh zelna avang hian I hnenah leh Zoram Sawrkar

hnenah LAWMTHU kan rawn sawi ani e.

Pathianin Malsawm zel che rawh se.

I rintlak,

Sd/- Sd/-

(F.LIANTLUANGA) (LALTHANMAWIA SAILO)

Secretary Chairman

N. Vanlaiphai Farming Cooperative Society Ltd., N. Vanlaiphai.

(PHOTO LEFT TO RIGHT)

1. PU V.P. VUANA, JOINT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE

2. Dr. O.P. SINGH, DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE &M.I

3. PU ROCHILA SAIAWI, COMMISSIONER, AGRICULTURE ETC.

4. PU AICHHINGA, MINISTER, AGRICULTURE ETC.

5. PU H. THANKHUMA, DY. DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE (EXTN)

Ist PRIZE WINNER ON DEBATE COMPETITION ROBERT LALTHANMAWIA,

CLASS – XI/D/48, SYNOD HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

HE ASSAM LEMON LEH KAWLTHEI POT-A KHAWITE HI PU R. THANSANGA,

AGRICULTURE DIRECTOR THIN COMPOUND-A MI A NI A, HNIAMTE A RAH TURA AN

SIAM A NI A, A LAWH A NUAM IN A ENKAWL VEL PAWH A AWLSAM HLE ANI.

ZAWLNUAM LAND DEVELOPMENT WORKS (7.12.2001)

ZAWHNA : CHHANNA

PU LALCHUNGNUNGA, VILL - P.O HMUNPUI, JAMPUI HILL, N.TRIPURA

1. NEDFI OFFICE ADDRESS, GUWAHATI AMI?

Chhanna :- Executive Director, North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Lt.

IDBI Building, 6th Floor, G.S.Road, Guwahati-781005, Assam (Agartala,

Tripura-ah pawh Branch Office a awm).

2. HENG NEDFI HNUAIA LOAN PUK TURIN ZIRNA LAM BITHLIAH A AWM EM?

Chhanna :- Hnathawhna leh Sumdawnna lam chi (Enterpreneurship) hlawhtling thei,

chi hrang hrang a thawktute tan leh he lam a Training chhuak te tan loan hi

a puk theih. NEDFI a thawktu leh a hmunah loan pek tlak an nih leh nih loh

te an endik sak hmasa thin a, loan pek tlak a an ngaih te tan chauh NEDFI

hian loan an pe thin a ni.

3. NORTH EAST EQUITY FUND (NEEF) LOAN PUK TURIN LEHKHA PAWIMAWH ENG

TENGE NGAI?

Chhanna :- State Pollution Control Board atangin No Objection Certificate lak a ngai a.

Detail Project report (DPR) angai bawk a, Security atan L.S.C. angai bawk.

Industry lam anih chuan Registration Certificate a ngai a, chutiang zelin loan

puk duhna a zirin Certificate hi a ngai vek a ni. Loan puk dawn hian thil

pawimawh zawtin office lam dawr fel vek angai hmasa a ni.

4. NEDFI MICRO FINANCE SCHEME LOAN PUK TURIN LEHKHA PAWIMAWH

ENGTENGE NGAI ?

Chhanna :- NEDFI Micro Finance Scheme Loan hi tlawmngaipawl tha, rintlak, hmingtha

(N.G.O/Voluntary Agency) te hnenah pek an ni deuh ber a. Thian inkawp

(Self Help Group) leh mimal hnenah pawh pek theih tho a ni. Lehkha

pawimawh duhte : Development Works a hma lo la tawh tan - Farm Society

Certificate, kum 3 chhung kal ta a, Balance Sheet, Hruaitute chanchin

chipchiar, Detail Project Report (DPR) a ngai a ni.

PA TAIMA HUANG :

KAWRTE TUI LAK DAN

(ZOPA METHOD).

By : Lalthanmawia Sailo,

N.Vanlaiphai

Agriculture/Horticulture Deptt. - a

kan mithiam rual ten, kut hnathawka ei

zawngtute tana tangkai tak tak min ziak

sak tam tawh hle a. Zopa mawl zawk leh

thiamna neilo ten kan hlawkpui hle bawk

a. Heng bakah hian, kan mi hratkhaw-

kheng te pawhin, an thil hriat leh hmuh

chhuah (Mizo method) chi hrang hrang

min ziah sak tawh bawk a.

Hetiang deuh hian, Zoram hmun

hrang hranga cheng, abik takin kut hna-

thawka ei zawngtu te tan a tangkai ve dah

lawm-maw tiin, Kawrte tui ka lak dan leh

tangkai pui dan tlangpui han tarlan ve ka

duh a.

1. Kum 1998 - 1999 khan, Agri, Deptt.

chuan NWDPRA scheme atangin, ka Huan

80 bighas zeta zau chawmna tur, 1(one)

Km zeta hla ami, Kawrte tui min laksak

tur, Pu P. Roenga D.A.O. (Rtd) min ruahm-

an sak chu, Pu Lalrinliana D.A.O. Aizawl

‘E’ thar chuan, Pu David-a AE supervised-

na hnuaiah hlawhtling takin min laksak a.

Pipe line kalna tur atan ram chhengchhe

tak tak leh Thangpui hmun pik tak tak,

kan D.A.O. hovin min han paltlang sak vek

peihna chuan chona tak min neihtir avang

leh hetiang lama Thlarau harhtharna ka lo

chan ve tak bawk avangin, cho let tumna/

duhna lian tak ka neih phah ta bawk a ni.

He tui, Agri. Deptt.-in min laksak

mai hi chuan, ka Huan chhunga, Thlasik/

Thal thlai, Bawng vulh, Sangha dil, duh

hun huna Buh (WRC) siam ka duh dawn

bakah, kan Ram thei chi hrang hrang che-

reu zel leh boral zel tur te vawnhim/

lakkhawm ka duh avang te leh Nungcha,

abikin, Sava chi hrang hrang tlan leh ei

duh zawng te collect ka duh avang leh

N.Vanlaiphai ram chhunga Phul ram parh

zau leh tha tak tak te hi hman tangkai

theih ngei ka beisei bawk avangin he tui

min laksak chauh hi chu ka khawp-kham

dawn lova ka hriat bawk avangin, ka

Huan chhak lama Kawrte tui la turin ka in

puahchah ta a. He Kawrte tui awmdan

hrechiang intitu te chuan min nuihzat hle

a, a chhan chu, thal khawro laiin tui luang

hmuh tur a awm ngai lova. A kam ram vel,

Alu chin nana kan hman chang pawhin,

hmun thenkhat-ah Thingpui/Bai chhuan-

na tur khawp chauh a hiahtlin theih thin

vang a ni.

Tichuan, tui hiahtlin theihna sang

ber (Kawrte hnar lam) atanga tanin, Kaw-

rte tui hnamna/hnawnna lai apiangah kan

hiattling zel a. Cement/rora/balu leh Iron

-rod (tanbun sa) phur lutin, feet khat bial,

feet khat vela thukin, khur Cemented) kan

siam zel a. Khur kotlang atanga kutphah/

zungli beng velah pipe kan vuah zel a,

khur thlangah pipe hmangin kan chhung

thla zel a. Tichuan, ka Huan a tui chhuak

thei tur (Khur thlang ber) atangin, pipe

hmang bawkin 700 metres zeta hla ami

tui ka la chhuak thei reng mai a. A tira min

nuihzat tute nuih chu aza tawhlo hle.

Tichuan, ka Huan hmun sanglai

berah, Tuizem (laih khuar) ”16x5” Ceme-

nt hmangin ka siam leh a, he Tuizem

atang hian, pipe hmang bawkin ka duhna

hmun apiangah tui ka sem darh thei ta a

ni.

Vanneih thlak takin, Pu Thanliana,

Joint Director, M.I. chuan, Springler (one

set) min pe ve hlauh mai a. He Springler

pawh hi (A thu zawm duh silo leh ataka

Nun pui duh bawk silo, piangthar/

Vanram kai tum kan tam ta hle ang deuh

bawkin) ka tui chak dan (pressure) atang

leh Springler inti-hre deuh ho chuan

hmang tangkai thei lo turah min ngai leh

bawk a. Amaherawhchu, ka tuizem atang

tui ka lakchhuah lehna chu (Thal khoro/

tui tlem laiin) ka hnawh-ping a, darkar

khat vel emaw ka ngah hnuah, Springler

pipe-ah tui ka sahlut a, chu tui khawl-

khawm chakna (pressure) hmang chuan,

Thlasik/Thal thlai te chu duh thusamin ka

phuh huh tir thei leh ta bawk a ni. He tui

hmang hian, hmun hniam/phai ramah

chauh a chin leh phun theih anga kan lo

ngaih thin, thlai chi hrang hrang te

enchhin nan ka hmang ta zel a. N.Van-

laiphai ram (1400m Sea level)-ah pawh,

Borkoli/Zikhlum/Carrot/Motor Chana/

Badam/Knolkhol etc. etc. bakah, phul

ram/lei letphutin Sawhthing pawh hlawk

takin a thar theih tih ka hmu chhuak ta

bawk a. Heng Thlasik/thal thlai te hi

hmun hniam/phai a thar aiin a hang-tui

bik bakah, Sangha phei chu a hang-tui

lehzual. Chuvangin, N.Vanlaiphai ram

anga Zo khawsang hmun dangah pawh,

daibulah, hahdam zawkin thil tam tak,

hlawk takin a thar thei a ni tih hria ila.

2. Hetianga Kawrte tui la tur hian,

ahma lama tarlan tawh angin, Kawrte tui

hnamna/hnawn-na lai apiangah khur

siam zel in a thlang lama khur kan siamah

chhung thla zel ila, Kawrte tui awm zawng

zawng chu (thal khawro laia relhbo zaw-

ng zawng kha) kan lakhawm vek thei

ta tihna a ni. Tin, Kawrte tui hnamna te hi,

kawr lai takah ni lovin, kawr-kam/tlang

pang lamah zel tuihna alo kal/put thin tih

hriat tur anih bakah, a theih hram chuan

kan tui lakna Kawrte kam leh alu lam ram

te chu zuahngaw hram hram bawk ila. Hei

hian tuihna a siam bakah, Fur ruahtui tam

laiin, kawrte tui lian avanga khur siam te

chu a him phah bawk a ni. Tin, khur kan

siam chhaklam leh a chung zawn thlengin,

Thlangra/Kho tia vel, a rem chan dan

angin, Lung rem hnan zel bawk tur a ni a,

khur sir ah, fur ruahtui tam huna tui chhe

paihna tur, tui kawng (thuklo tein) siam

zel bawk tur a ni. Tin, khur chhungah, duh

anga tui tling theilo/put a awm chuan,

Cement leh Balu chawhpawlh (Cement

tak tha takin) chhunluh mai tur a ni a, tui

tichhe lovin zankhat/ni khat vel dahin, a

phui vek thei.

3. Kawrte tui la tura, tui kawng/pipe

line kalna zawng tur hian, Ngaw hnuai/

hmun thuk leh ruam thuk awmna

hmunah, Agri/PHE etc. te hmanrua te hi,

thingtlang pa ho tan chuan hawh chhuah

a harsa hle thin a. Hetiang, hmanraw

changkang hmang kher lo hian, Mistiri ho

hman thin, Liquid Leveler ang hi hman

mai tur a ni. Tui kawng/pipe line kalna

turah ngaw/hnim thuk etc. ten min tih

buai pawhin pipe line zawn (surveyed)

tawh tawp ber atangin, ral lehlam leveler

hmangin va enmil ila, perh/chhinchhiah-

na tar bawk ila, perh/chhinchhiahna

atang bawk khan, pipe line kaltir kan

duhna lamah, leveler hmang bawkin

enmil leh tur a ni. Tui hi zawlah pawh a

kal thei zel a, duhthusamah chuan, tlem

tlemin awih thla zel se, tui kal ati chak bik.

Agriculture Deptt. nen tangtlanga

kan hnathawh (Crusade beihpui kan thla-

kna ka ti ve mai a!.) atanga hlawhtlinna

kan neih te hi (Kan Ram ah enchhin-

hlawhchham bawksi atam tawh vang nge

ni) kei aia Ram leh Kawrte tui laktur

neitha zawk ten, tih ve nachang an hre

dawnlo emaw ka tih tawh laiin, he

Thlarau harhtharna hian mi te thinlungah

nasa takin hna a thawk mek zel alo ni a.

Kumin, 2001 khaw thengthawt huna hna

thawk tan turin, chhungkua 68 lai mai

chuan, an Ram hmun 69 atana tui lakna

tur Pipe, Agriculture Deptt-ah kan dilpui

ta a, hlawhtlin ngei pawh kan inring bawk

a ni.

4. Kan Ram (Mizoram) chhungah, Lui

lian leh Te kan ngah ang huin, tui kan nei

chhe hle a. Thal khawro lai phei chuan,

kan Ram Lui lian te pawh hi akang chat lo

chauh thin tih kan hriattlan lain, tui lak

tanpuina (Tanpuina tih tawngkam hi kan

milianho hian an chhangkham tawh anih

pawhin, thawktlang tura ngenna tiin thlak

tawh mai ila) han dill ah hian, Thal laiin

tui atam tawk em?, Ram chu engtia zau

nge?, Beneficiary engzat nge?, etc. etc. tih

zawhna awm thin atang te hian ngaihthah

kan hlawh fo thin a, mimal emaw mi tlem

tham tan phei chuan dil chi-ah kan ngai

tawhlo hial niin alang. Tin, Ram-zawl tha

leh zau emaw mualdung pharh tha leh

zau, chhungkua 20-30 chauh pawh, in-

zau-o (compact area) tur Ram min lo siam

sak tlem lutuk vei bawk nen, kan mithiam

rual te nen pawh hian, tui lama kan

pachhiatna hi kan phuhru (solve) hlei-

theilo ni berin alang. Chumai nilovin, Ram

changkang (Developed Countries) angtu

inti te lah hian, practical-a thil tih leh tha

leh zung, sum leh pai seng duh alawi

hmuh tur awm bawk silo avangte hian,

Ke-phah leng chauhva kum tin thlawh-

hma kawng kan sawn hi a bang theilo ni

berin a lang.

Chuvangin, mimal emaw (a remchan dan

ang zelin) mi tlem deuh intawm turin

emaw ka tui lak dan zulzuiin, thingtlang

pa, kut hnathawka eizawngtu (M.L.A. leh

Minister bialtu ngah ber) te nghenchhan

ber leh kan LOC/Cheque awmna/pawh

thlak ve theihna ang hrima kan belh zel

tur, Horticulture/Agriculture Deptt. - te

kaltlangin, kan Sawrkar chak tak hian

hma min lakpui sela, sum sen a tlem anga,

Lui lian, thal laia tui khawp kham chuang

si lova sum tam tak sen fo ai chuan,

hlawhtlinna duhawm zawk (kan phu tawk

leh enkawl zawh tawk) kan neih phah

ngei ring chungin leh Retheih luat vanga

Dawt leh thil diklo tih hre reng chunga

kan sawi leh tih ngai leh thin avanga

Chatuan-Ram thlenglo tur kan pun zelna

laka kan himna tur anih beisei na te,

Ramthim/Ramthar rawngbawl nana kan

Sum vawmkhawm alo pun zel theihna

anih beisei chungin, he practical work

experienced tlawm tak hi ka han tarlang

ve a ni e.

AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT HNATHAWKTUTE FUIHNA

Aichhinga,

Minister, Agri. Etc.

Dt. 30.11.2001

1.1 Kan ramah hian Industry sawi

thawm a awm lo a. Sawrkar hnathawh hi

kan eizawnna pui ber a ni mai a. Hmasa-

wnna ngelnghet nei tur chuan Leilung

nen a in kungkaih tlat eizawnna a pawi-

mawh a. Kan ram leilung hausakna

haichhuak tur chuan Agriculture Depart-

ment hi a hnuk pui a ni a. Mizoram nunna

hrui vuantu a ni. Keini Agriculture Depa-

rtment-a thawktute hi Zoram pum huapa

Agriculture hmalakna tlanpuitute kan ni.

1.2 Department chhunga hnathawktu

zawng zawngte hi taksa pumkhat ang

kan ni a. Kan pawimawh dan pawh a in

ang theuh a ni. Thirkual tam takin khai-

diat sei tak a siam ang hian inkhai

chhawng tawn theuh kan ni. Peon atanga

Director thlengin a karah chat emaw rin-

awm lo bik a awm a thiang lo. Thirkual

pakhat chatin khaidiat a ti chat angin, mi

pakhat rinawm lo in Department hma

lakna a ti thuanawp thei a ni. Department

chhungah hna hrang hrang a awm a.

Thenkhat chu field-ah in thawk a, then-

khat erawh chu Office-ah in thu bawk a.

Co-operation tha tak nei a in thawhho a

ngai a ni. Field-a thawktute hian thing-

tlang lamah te feh chhuakin theihtawp an

chhuah a, kan Department darthlalang te

a ni. Field-a thawktute kut ti chak turin

Office-a thu te hi in pawimawh a. In pawh

tak leh lungrual taka thawk ho tur kan ni

tih I hria ang u.

2.1 Ramhnuaia kana wm laiin ral kah

tur a awm loh chuan, keimahni leh kei-

mahni kan inbei a, kan in tibuai fo thin.

Mahse, hmelma ten min rawn beih

chuan thu khat vuaa tangrualin theih-

tawp chhuahin kan bei ho thin. Hetiang

hian kan awm mai mai chuan kan in rel

a, in ngeihloh pawh a awl bik a ni. Hna-

thawh hi kan awm chhan a ni tih hria in,

mahni hna theuh rim taka thawk turin

kan inbuatsaih a tul a ani. Thawhrimna

hian lungrualna a siam a, lungrual taka

thawhhona hian hmasawnnaah min

hlangkai dawn a ni. Ni khatah darkar riat

chauh Office hna kan thawk a, darkar 16

chhung chu hah chawlhnan kan hmang

thin. Chu pawh chu chawlhkar khat

chhungin ni 5 chauh a ni leh nghal.

Hnathawhna hun kan neih chhung

reiloteah hian taimak kan chhuah a ngai

takzet a ni.

4.2 Pathianin Mizo ni turin min siam a,

kan enkawl turin ram min pe a. Mawh-

phurhna pawimawh tak kan ko a awm hi

hlenchhuak turin kan nitin nunah rin-

awmna, dikna leh taimakna kan neih a tul

a. Thiante tan rinawm, midang tan nel-

awm, pute tan chhawr nuam, hote tan pu

tha leh mipui tan dawr nuam nih kan tum

tur a ni. Ashoka Pillar a tawlailir ke hi a

vir kual a, a chung lam leh a hnuai lamin

awmna a in thlakthleng thin a ni. Hetiang

hian nun hi a ngai reng in a awm lova, mi

rethei an rethei reng lova, mi hausa pawh

an hausa reng bik lo tih kan hre reng tur

a ni. Kan nun dan leh tawngkam te kan

fimkhur fo a ngai bawk a ni.

4.3 Kan Department hi Model Depart-

ment-ah kan siam thei a ni. A chhunga

hnathawktu zawng zawngten kan thawh

tur dik tak hria a, mahni in vawng thiang-

hlim chunga kan thawh chuan Mizoram

pum ngaihsan leh Department dang enta-

wn tlak kan ni ngei ang. Mahni inchhung-

ah Office hnathawhnaah leh Field-ah te

duhdah tak a nun ching lovin, Biak In ch-

hunga kan nun dan leh tawngkam hman

dan tur ang zel a kan nun a pawimawh a.

Mi ten khawi hmunah pawh mi rinawm,

hnathawktu tha, taima leh entawntlak ni

a min hmuh tur a kan in siam a pawi-

mawh a ni. “Lungpui pawh lungtein a kam

ki loh chuan a awm thei lo”, tih thufing

ang hian kan vaiin kan in kamki theuh a

ni.

3.1 Mizoram chu Politics ram a ni a,

Sorkar hnathawk chu Politics-ah a tel a

thiang lo a ni. Ngaihtuahna Politics tak

neih a awl hle a. Kan ngaihtuahna hi eng

lam hawi pawh nise, kan rilru chu a zalen

a, kan campaign ve thianglo mai chauh a

ni. Eng Sorkar pawh lo piang se la, Sorkar

Policy tih puitlin hi kan tih tur a ni a,

hmanrua kan ni tih kan inhriat reng a

ngai a ni. Ngaihdan hran daih neia hma

kan lo lak chuan, Anti-Government Acti-

vity a ni tih kan hriat a pawimawh. Awn

zawng neih lutuk hi a thalo a, tu pawhin

rawn dawr che u sela, Party line atang ni

loin, Sorkar mi in nihna hre rengin, tha

takin dawr in ching thin dawn nia.

3.2 Agriculture Department hi entaw-

ntlak leh ngaihsanawm a siam turin

mawh kan phur theuh a ni. Office leh

Field a thawk zawng zawng ten rilru

hmunkhat pu a tangrualin, kan thawhho

a ngai a ni. A pawimawh ber chu Pathian

tih hi a ni. Pathian hmaa inhlanna nei

hmasa phawta hna kan thawh chuan, kan

Office a nuam ang a, hlim takin kan hna

kan thawk thei tawh ang. Hlim tak leh

lungawi taka hnathawktute an hlawh-

tling thin a. Chuvangin, hetiang hna-

thawktu awm khawm hian Model

Department kan la siam ngei ang.

AWARENESS FOOD SELF SUFFICIENCY IN

FOOD IN MIZORAM

By : H.T. Darbuka, A.E.O.

DAO (AE) Office.

Mizo te hian, kan pi leh pu atang

rengin, purchawk hi, tlawmpa eksenah

kan lo nei thin a. Mi ang pangngai, fuke

kim tan chuan kumkhat ei thar thei lo chu,

mi thatchhia leh hmangchang hre lo vah

kan inngai thin anih kha. Purphurh kha

thil zahthlak takah kan ngai a, kan zak tak

tak bawk a ni. Kha hun kha kum tam

pawh ala liam lova. Kum 1959-a Mau a lo

tam khan kan tla chhe deuh va, mahse a

kumhnihna vel mai atang khan ngai kan

awh leh mai a. Kum 1966 rambuai avang

khan kan buhthar te min halchhiat sak tak

avang leh thlawhhma mumal taka lak

theih anih tak loh avangin tun hun hi kan

lo thleng chho ta a ni.

Tunah tak phei hi chuan, purchaw

hnam kan ni reng tawh a ni, tih pawh hi

thangthar tam zawk chuan kan hre pha

tawh lova. A tur renga ngaihna lian tak

kan rilruah hian a awm ta zawk a. Mizo

rilru dik tak pu tan chuan, a lungchhiat

thlak hle tawh a ni. Khang hun lai khan in-

todelh kan tum zia tilang chiang em em tu

chu kan thlai chin leh kan ran vulhah kh-

an a lang chiang hle bawk a ni. Mahni lo

theuh-vah buh bakah chawhmeha kan

hman theih zawng zawng buh karah

emaw a hmun bik emaw te in kan ching

vek a. A hringa kan eisen loh, kan rep tha

than bawk a. Chung kan rep that te chu,

thal chawhmehah kan hmang leh a. Sahri-

ak nghei kan hlauh vek avangin, vawk kan

vulh vek bawk a, a thau kan er a, tinah

emaw bur ah emaw kan dah tha a. Sahria-

kah kan intodelh bawk a, sama thih atan

kan hmang leh zel bawk a. Vai tel kan lei

ngai hauh lo a nih kha. Hei mai hi a la ni lo

va, silhfen atan lovah la kan ching a, kei-

mah ni buatsaih vekin a silh leh fen

thlengin kan kutkawih vek a ni bawk.

Engkimah kan intodelh vek vang kha a ni

ta ve ang, vai kan run hem hem mai a, sap

te meuh pawh a nung chungin kan man

rep rep mai zawng a nih kha.

Mi tamtak chuan kan mawl vangah

te kan puh thla ngawt a. A ni lo, kan

intodelh tlat a, tu hnen ami mah pur kan

chaw lo va, pur chaw lo ta chu, tu thu-

hnuai-ah mah kan awm lova, tumah kan

hlau lo a ni zawk. Anih leh enga ti nge heti

em a kan intodelh loh tak mai le? A chhan

leh vang dap dawn ila dap tur tam tak a

awm ngei ang. Dapchhuak ta vek pawh ni

ila kan intodelh ang em? “Todelh chuang

lovang,” tih hi a chhanna chu a ni mai.

Helam ngaihtuah vak vak a, inpuhmawh

mai ai chuan engtin nge ei leh barah kan

intodelh leh theih ang tih ah hian kan rilru

leh ngaihtuahna leh chakna te zawng

zawng sengin bul kan tan leh thei a ni.

Tichuan ei leh bara kan lo intodelh

theihna tur chuan, kan sawrkar lo ding

thar mek chuan policy No.1 ah rawn neiin

kan Chief Minister ngei pawh chuan Agri-

culture leh Horticulture Department te

chu a portfolio-ah dahin nasa takin tan

lain bul a rawn tan ta mek bawk a. Hetah

tak hian a mawh phur tu, Department leh

kut hnathawk tu, mipuiteah intodelhna hi

a innghat tlat a ni.

Tunah hian hectare 20000 bawr vel

chauh leilet buh chin theihna siam theih

anih laiin hectare 30000 chuang lai leilet

(WRC) a siam theih kan la nei a. Chu chu

mechanisation a hma lak tan mek a ni

bawk a. Department Bull Dozer leh pri-

vate Bull Dozer ten an thawk tan mek a.

He mechanisation/privatisation hmanga

hna hi thawh chhoh anih chuan, kum rei

vak lovah ei leh bara intodelh hnamah

kan lut leh mai thei dawn niin a lang.

Hetih lai hian Minor Irrigation Wing

chuan flow irrigation hmun 23 ah siamin

lift irrigation hmun 5 ah an siam bawk a.

Heng avang te hian buh pawh kan thar

belhchhah zel a. Chumai chu ni lovin

hmun thenkhatah phei chuan kumkhatah

buh vawi 2 hial an thar tawh bawk a ni.

Buh vawi 2 thar loh na ah pawh buh seng

zawh veleh vegetables chi hrang hrang

chingin thlai vawihnih tharna hmun tam

takah a awm tawh bawk a ni.

Aw le, ei leh bara intodelh tak tak

tur chuan buh chauh nilo, chawa kan

hman ve theih tur (staple food) kan chin

ve mek leh kan chin ve theih, entirnan

Alu, Vaimim, Bekang, Bal, Kawlbahra, Pa-

ngbal, Wheat etc. te ei kan inzirtir pawh a

hun ta hle. Heng thlai kan han tarlan te

hian mihring tana kan mamawh chi tin-

reng an pai vek a. Heng ang thlai te hi, kan

chaw ei (rice) nena kan eipawlh thiam

hlan hi a nghahhlelh awm hle a ni. Heng

ang thlai te hi Home Science lam thiamho

hian tuihnai deuh va kan ei theihna turin

mipuite hi min han zirtir thiam hle mai se,

hmasawnna ropui tak chu a ni ngei ang.

Buh aia enkawl awl thar hlawk zawk

bawk si an ni leh nghal. Wheat te phei chu

kan ramah hian a tha duh em em a, Wheat

thar lam ei mi Punjabi ho te khuan an that

phah em khu.

All Mizoram Farmers Union

(AMFU) tia kan hriat ten, tunah hian

buhkhur laiha intodelh turin hma an la

mek bawk a. A hlawhtling ngei turah bei-

sei ila. He buh khur laih tih chungchangah

hian tlem a zawng thaa ka rindan han zeh

tel ve lawk ka duh a. Chu chu hei hi a ni.

Buh khur laihna tur chuan ram awih tlan

dan degree hi 35 slope aia sang lo ni thei

ngei se, chuti anih loh chuan, parmanenta

kum 3 vel neih anih hnuah chuan thing-

zung, mauzung, etc. leitham khawm nghet

tu kha a lo mawih tawh ang a, Kan ram

leilung hi a nghet si lova, min pui kum kan

siam mai ang tih a hlauhawm. Chulo lehah

chuan buh khur hnawh khahna leitha

chungchangah hian buhin an mamawh

plant nutrients te pe thei tur, soil science

thiam mite leh Agriculture mithiamte thu-

rawn ngaichang thei tur khawpin AMFU

te hian tlawmna puan hi sin ngam se, a

hlawhtling leh zual ka beisei.

Awle, heng a hnuaia point pawi-

mawh tak tak te hmang hian buh leh bala

kan intodelh thuai theih nan hun I han

hmang leh teh ang.

1:0 TUI LAK (IRRIGATION) A DAH-

KHAWLNA (WATER HARVESTING DAM) :

Agriculture Department-a self suffi-

ciency in food tih hmalaknaah thil pawi-

mawh hmasa ber chu tuilak/a dahkhawl-

na siam hi a ni. Entirnan (atak nisi) Russia

ram khi ram zau pui e ti lovin buh leh bal-

ah a intodelh loh avangin an President

Kruzchova(L) hun lai khan buh hmun zau

tak mai hectare 50000 vela zau an deve-

loped a. An Agriculture mithiam rual te

chuan khawl chi hrang hrang leh Helicop-

ter te nen meuh luh chilhin village lian tak

an din tawp mai a. Tui lak luh nan, tuika-

wng a sei a sei mangkheng siam alo ngai

bawk a. An tuikawng seizia sawi nan, an

tuikawng siam zawng zawng kha pawt

char vek ila, khawvel hi vet hnihin a vet

chhuak zo vang an ti hial a ni. (courtesy,

1970 Soviet Land) Heta tang hian Agricul-

ture Development ti tak tak tur chuan tui

hi alo pawimawh zia kan hre thei mai

awm e.

Hei hun engemaw chen atang tawh

khan khawpui Nu ho hian Pota thil khawi

pangpar etc. an intih hmuh a, Concrete

inchung zawlah te leitha dahin Antam,

Vaimim etc. te thlengin an ching a, zing

leh tlai ah tui an leih ziah a, Antam lam te

phei chu lo intodelh reng te pawh an awm

nawk mai.

Chuvangin zawlzau pui pui te hi

siam duai duai mai ila tui a awm siloh

chuan a thlawn a ni mai a. Buh ngat phei

chu tui a kham khawp pek anih loh chuan

a ho der mai a ni. Double Cropping ti tur

phei chuan a dahkhawlna (water harvest-

ing dam) te siam a tul hle a ni. Zawl siam

hmasak ai mah in tuilak hi hmasak chi

zawk mah ten a lang hial a ni. Tui lak

thlen hmasak anih phawt chuan zawl or

terrace te hi chu automatic in a piang

zawih zawih ang.

Hei bakah hian luipui tlawhchhan

kan ngah a, mechanisation kan uar dawn

ta sa sa, tui pump khawlte hi a tam thei

ang berin bun ila, tui neihdan tha hi hna-

pui bera neih hi ei leh bara intodelhna

kawng/rahbi hmasa ber tur chu a ni ngei

ang.

1:1 BIO-FERTILIZER HMANRUA/LEI-

THA KHUR (COMPOST PIT) SIAM/RAN

EK HMAN TANGKAI :-

He thil pawimawh tak mai, ran

khuahkhirh hi hna hmasaa neih a ngai hle

bawk a ni. Double Cropping thlai tum 2 na

phei hi chu ran avangin kan hlawhchham

ani der mai. Vawi leh khatah farm mecha-

nisation hi tihphut theih anih mai loh

avangin leh kan ran te hi leilet tu atan kan

la chhawr duh si avangin, khaw tinah hian

ran tlatna bik tur (Grazing Ground) hi

siam vek nise, ran vengtu bik (cattle

attendance) te inruatin siam nise. Heng

ranrual tlatnaah hian an ek te chharkhaw-

m a, em emaw ip emaw nena kan zui vat

vat hunah meuh chuan kan intodelh ngei

ang. Ran khuahkhirhn loh anih avanga,

buh leh bal kan chan hi tam tham tak a ni

bawk a ni.

1:2 BIO-FERTILIZER HMANRUA/

LEITHA KHUR (COMPOST PIT) SIAM/

RAN EK HMAN TANGKAI :-

Chemical Fertilizers te hi kan hma-

ng ve nual tawh a, mahse a chi kim NPK hi

a inpawlh tawk turin a rual hian neih a ni

thei meuh lova. Privatizaton a nih chuan

neikim thei turah inngai ila, Private Deal-

er te pawhin heng chemical fertilizer te hi

a mal ringawt chuan hralh chhuak lo se.

An thlai chin a zirin NPK te hi in balance

ngei turin leitir ni thei se. Hetah hian

fertilizer expert ten an inchawhpawlh

tawk tur an chawh chhuah sa ang thlapin

hralh thin nise a tha leh zual ngei ang.

Bio-fertilizer te hi a man a tlawm

vang leh hman thiam a awlsam avangin

buh leh thlai chaw atan tunaia tam hian

hralh/semchhuah theih nise. A hmandan

tha pawh tun aia zau zawka inzirtirna,

farmer training ah te hian neih thin nise

thil tangkai tak a ni ngei bawk ang.

Awle, ei leh bara intodelh tak tak

tur chuan kan thlaite hian leitha an

mamawh em em ani tih kan hriat sak hi

thil tul tak a ni bawk. Kan thlai ten rah tha

tak min chhuah sak se kan tih chuan, an

chaw tur kan ngaihtuah sak hi tih mak-

mawh a ni. Hemi anih avang hian kan lo,

kan leilet, kan huan, etc. hmun remcha-

ngah leitha khur (compost pit) siam hi

kan uar a ngai. Thil harsa a ni lo bawk.

Fertilizer man te hi alo to tawlh tawlh a,

kan mamawh zat hi lei tur pawh hmuh a

harsat tawh avangin, mahni a leitha khur

siam hi a tul tawh hle a ni.

Fur laiin hnimhnah nem te an tam

em em a, I hlothlawhna hnim te, I bial-

tlang samfaina hnim te, I vau samfaina

hnim te kha I khur laihah khan vawm lut

zel in, alo khah hunah pawh rap muk zel

la. Thla 2 emaw thla 3 emaw hnu ah cha-

wk leh la, tichuan a kum lehah I phawrh-

chhuak ang a, I leilet, I huanah te khan I

theh darh ang a, tichuan I thlai ten chaw

ah an lo ringin rah tha tak an chhuah sak

dawn che nia.

Heng bakah hian ran zun leh ek te

hi kan khawl khawm zel hi a hun ta a ni.

Ran ek tawih tha tawh hi thlai ten an

ngeih em vangin, a khur laihin emaw a

zem kualin emaw khawlkhawm na chang

hi hriat a hun ta a ni. Heng te hi ei leh bara

intodelh tur chuan a ngai vek. I thlai ten

chaw a an hman theih tur I dah khawl

khan rah tha tak an chhuah sak dawn

bawk che a ni.

1:3 THLAI CHIN TUR THLAN THIAM/

ULUK :-

Ei leh bara intodelh tur chuan kan

thlai chin tur uluk taka thlan thiam hi thil

pawimawh tak pakhat a ni bawk. Sihphir

Pa hmarchapui chin hlawkzia hriat avang-

a lo chin ve ngawt chi pawh a ni lem lo.

Kan chinna ram leilung leh a climate te

chiang taka hriat hmasak phawt tur. Chu-

tah chuan engthlai nge ching ila tha duh

ber ang, a boruak nen a inmil ang em, a

leilung hi eng thlai leilung nge tihte enfiah

hmasak zel hi hlawhtlinna bul a ni. Tin,

thlai te hi chi hrang tam tak an awm ang

bawk hian a chindan (method of cultiva-

tion) in ang lo tak tak an tam avangin

intodelh tur leh thar tam tur chuan thlai

malkhalh bik kan neih pawh a hun ta.

Chuti ni lova, ram zimte a thlai chi hrang

tam lutuk, a enga mah hlawkpui tak tak

atana kan hman siloh, chinpawlh vak vak

kan ching pawh hi sim a hun ta. (chin-

pawlh chi te chu a awm teh meuh mai).

Thlai chin chungchangah chuan

Zoram Loneitu tam zawkte hi chu sap

thufingin “Jack of all trade master of none”

alo tih hi kan ni chiang khawp. Thlai chi

hrang hrang kan ching dem dum a, a eng a

mah hi kan master tlat lo. Buh chingmi

chuan master thei khawpin buh ching mai

rawh se, balhla ching mi chuan master ni

thei khawpin balhla ching mai rawh,

chutiang zelin kan thlai dang dang ah

pawh vegetable thlengin. Paihte huan ang

mai zing chuk mai, kan tih te hi kan lo ni

reng alawm le.

Chuvangin, hnam fing zawk ten an

lo chin tawh hi kan loneitute pawh hian

kan tih ve a hun tawh a ni. Hengah hian

Agriculture mithiamte thurawn lak zel hi

a dik fo vang. Chutiang ti thei tur chuan a

department a thawktu te pawh tun aia

kan in hawn a ngai bawk. (hei hi Exten-

sion Work ropui tak a ni tih kan hriat a

tha hle bawk).

1:4 THLAI CHI THA THLAN (SELEC-

TION OF GOOD SEEDS) :-

Thlai chi tha thlanah kan fimkhur

hle tur a ni a. Kan mizo thufingin “Kawi

pawh a kawm a that leh a rah a tha” tih

kha, kan thlaiah pawh hian a dik chiang a

ni. Thlai chi than a na na chu a rah pawh a

tha in a hrisel ngei ngei ani. Hei hi kan

hriat ngei tur leh kan zawm ngei tur a ni

bawk.

1:5 THLAI HLAWK LEH HLAWK LO

KHAIKHINNA (COMPARISION) :-

He thil hi neih ngei ngei thin tur a

ni. Kan thlai chin te zingah a eng thlai ber

hi nge neih sam a, kan hlawk pui ber ang

tih hi khaikhinna (comparision) neih ngei

thin bawk tur. Entirnan, Sawhthing hi a

lin atanga a seng leh inkar zawng hi thla

12 vel lai a ni a, vaimim thla 5 chhunga ka

thar leh a thla 6 naa bekang ka chin leh (a

hmun ngai-ah) thla 5 chhunga ka seng leh

hian ka hlawk zawk ang em? thasen a

tlem zawk em tih te kan khaikhin thin tur

a ni. Amah Ngaizawl VCP in sawhthing

chin chu mi hausa tih chi a ni, a thar har

si, buhfai leh chawhmeh neih lohvin

chawah han ring dawn ila a thak bawk si a

ti a. Hei hi Sawhthing chin sawichhiat na

ni lovin, kan thlai chin te kan hlawk pui

leh hlawkpui loh kan khaikhin fo thin nan

ka ti a ni.

1:6 MECHANIZATION (KHAWL LEH

THIAM THIL HMAN) :-

Mechanization hi kan sawrkar hian,

a programme pawimawh te zing a mi a

nih leh a thiltum a nih avangin zawi zawi

chuan kan la hmang chho zel dawn niin a

lang a. Rahbi pawimawh tak a nih bawk

avangin. Tunlai khawvelah Bawngpa hnu-

ngzuia nilen ngawt mai hi peih pawh a

har tawh reng a. He mechanization prog-

ramme hi thangthar loneitu ten hlutna

chang kan hre chho telh telh ngei ang.

Tin, hei tunlaia hlo tihhlumna tur

(weedcides) ang chi te pawh hi mechani-

zation chikhat chu a ni der mai a, kan

hman thiam phawt chuan mechanization

tangkai tak ala ni ngei ang. Heng hmandan

tha te hi hmang thiam turin Agriculture

mithiamte rawn thin nise, kan chhawr-

bawk leh zual ang.

1:7 THLAI VENHIMNA LAM (PLANT

PROTECTION) :-

Kan thlaite a eichhe thei tu rannung

laka venhim hi tih makmawh a ni ta.

Mihring leh ranteah natna chi hrang

hrang tunhmaa kan hriat ngai loh te alo

leng ta ang bawk hian, thlaiah pawh natna

chi hrang hrang a hluar ta a. Kum 1999

buh hmin hma deuh te khan kum danga

awm ngai hauh lo khuangbai a puang vak

mai a. A hun taka report pe khuaah te

chuan a rang thei ang bera hmalak an niin

control an ni a. Hmun thenkhat report na

chang hrelo te ah chuan tin 2 tin 3 hmun

eichhiat tir hman pawh an awm a ni.

Chungleng sava te kan suat zova,

rannung eitu tur te an tlem tak avang

hian, thlai natna pawh a hluar talh talh a.

Tin, sik leh sa lo danglam tak avang hian a

hun te a rah thin te tan a khawlh kham ta

a, sava pem chi te tan hunbi a buai ta

bawk. Heti hi anih tak avangin Depart-

ment Plant Protection Wing te pawh hi a

inral rin reng a ngai ta. Kan thlaite a eich-

he theitu lakah kan venhim theih nan

nasa taka tanlak a ngaih tawh avangin De-

partment ah a venna damdawite a kahna

damdawite lam thuai thuai a tha. Hei

pawh hi intodelhna hmanrua pawimawh

tak a ni tih hi I hre leh ang u.

1:8 LINK ROAD (KAWNGPUI SIAM) :-

Thlawhhma ngelnghet (permane-

nt) kan neihna hmun apiangah Link Road

siam chak hi hmasawnna pawimawh tak a

ni bawk. Kan thlai thar te a hralhna tur

hmuna kan phurhchhuah zung zung theih

chuan intodelhna hmanraw tangkai tak a

tling bawk a ni. Agriculture tharchhuah

(product) te hi reitak dahthat theih loh

(collapsible) an nih tlangpui avangin rang

taka phurhchhuah zung zung an nih theih

nan Link Road hi a pawimawh a ni.

1:9 MARKETING (A HRALHNA OR A

DEHRALNA) :-

A tawp ber atan chuan he thil pawi-

mawh tak mai, kan thlai thar te man man

zawka kan hralh theih hi lo neitute din-

chhuahna bul tak tak a nih avang leh a

pawimawh em avangin I han sawiho teh

ang. Loneitu hlawhtlinna tak tak hi Mark-

eting ah a in nghat tlat a ni tih hi a dikin

ka hria.

America ram ropui tak mai khuan

an President Abraham Lincolna hunlai

daih atang tawh khan, an loneitute morale

tihchhiat miah loh khu an lo tum ngar

ngar alo ni a. Engtin nge chu chu an tih? Ei

leh bara intodelh hmasak ber hi a tul hm-

asa a ni tih an hriat chian em avangin an

ram chhunga ei leh bara an hman ber

Antam, Wheat, Vaimim, Badam, Rice, Ba-

rley etc. te khu, lo neitu ten a hlawkpui

ngei ngei turin rate tha tawka leisak turin

a rate an fixed hmiah a. A rate an siamah

sawrkar a ding nghet a. Loneitu ten kha

mi rate hresa ran khan thlawhhma an la

ta thin a. An ram mipui pawhin a eisen loh

khawp a stock thleng pawhin, rate an lo

fixed tawh sa tho khan a awm chhung chu

a leita mai thin a. Tuifinriata sangha cha-

wa paih mai mai tur thleng pawhin a lei

sak ngar ngar a, tichuan loneitute an phur

a, a hlawkzia an hre deuh deuh a, loneitu-

te rilru tihbeidawn khu a thil hlauhber

anih avangin ram intodelh leh ram hausa

an nih phah ta reng a nih khu. Mi bei-

dawng thinlunga beiseina pe leh tura sen-

so hi, an beiseina kal tir zelna man ai hian

a to zawk. Tichuan, hun a lo kal zel a, farm

mechanization ah an lut a, khawl chang-

kang tak tak hmangin mihring tha (ma-

nual) tamlo tein an ram khu an chawm ta

reng mai a nih khu. Rambuai lai te pawh

khan America buhfaikan lo ei ve kha, Mar-

keting system hi kan ramah pawh hian a

that phawt chuan kan la intodelh chiang

khawp ang.

Agriculture hi Industry ropui tak

alo ni reng mai! New marketa Nuho thu

zawng zawng leh bazaar danga nuho

chawhmeh zuar a thu tlar beng bung te

hian Agriculture product atanga eizawnna

nei kan lo ni reng ani tih te hi an in hria

em aw! Kan lo neitu dik tak te aiin an

hahdam zawk daih a, mahse an hlawk-

zawk daih si zia te hi. Khup hmetin dai-

hlim hnuaiah an thu a, nilenga thlansa

phul kaia nisa hnuaia kut hnathawktu te

aiin an hlawk zawk daih si a. Hei hi a

chiang khawp mai. Aizawl atanga Km 35

vel ramhnuaiah loneitute thlamah ka riak

a. Nupa hian nilengin an bahkhawr an

seng a, khawthim dawnah luiah an silfai

vek a, rawng an bawl san a, chawei kham

veleh phur hawin thlam chhungah Aizawl

Bazara thawn leh turin zan dar 12 thleng-

in an tel leh a. A tukzingah Motor kawng-

puiah buara a khungin an phur chhuak

leh a. Bag khat thawn manah Rs. 15/- an

chawi a. Bahkhawr telhnih Rs. 15 zel hisa-

pin new market a an agent nuin a lo khar

sak a, kharchhawng nu khan, bahkhawr

telhnih Rs. 15/- a a khar sak kha Rs. 60/-

man zelah siamin a hralh zo leh vek a.

Awmhmuna lo thu mai mai zawkin hlaw-

kna a tel nasat zia kan hmuh chuan, kan

loneitute lainatna mittui hi atla lo chauh a

ni. A letthum a hlep sak tawp mai anih

chu, awmhmun ah. Kan marketing system

hi chu tihdanglam theih nise a va lawm-

awm dawn em!

Kum 1975 hma lam khan Khasi Alu

ching ho khuan “Maruari hovin Khasi thi-

sen an ei” an ti thin a. Maruari hausa

panga vel inlungrual khan June thla chaw-

hnu lamah hi chuan an bukna lian leh

buklung nen hmun remchang laiah Khasi

ho Alu hralh tur an lo chang a. Maruari

panga inlungrual ho khan, tumahin Kg. 1

Rs. 1.25/- aia sanga leisak loh tur an ti

tawp mai a. Hralh tura an rawn phurh

thlen tawh kha phurh let leh thu awm

tawh suh, Kg. 1 Rs. 1.25 chuan an hralh lo

thei lova, Bara Bazar-ah Alu han lei dawn

ila, Kg. 1 Rs. 2.50/- aia tlawma leitur a

awm bawk si lo. An betrei ve hle a ni.

Mahse tunah chuan State puitling an nih

atanga reilo teah Marketing Co-Operative

Society in thuneihna pumhlum a lak tak

avangin, Khasi alu ching ho pawh khu an

thang duang ta hle a ni. (kan thenawm

hnai state an ni bawk a, an marketing

system te khu zu zir ve chi tak a ni).

Keini pawh kan ram chhunga kan

thar ramdanga kan hralh chhuah theih

ang chi ho hi chu vahsan lak atanga a rate

hre sa a loneituten phur tak a kut hna an

thawh theih nan a rate hriat lawk theih

nise a va lawm awm dawn em. Kan lonei-

tuten an thlai thar hralhna tur an zan kal

pui reng chhung hi chuan kan intodelh tak

tak lovang tih hi thil awm thei a ni. Kan

thlai thar te a dehralna tur rate hre sa vek

hian hma la ni ikla chuan, thatchhe

ringawt mai hi a awm theih ka ring lo.

Kumin ang te a Sawhthing rate te hi

a that reng chuan kum 3 han vei leh se

kan loneitute hi lirthei nen an fehchhuak

zung zung mai ang tih hi thilawm mai thei

a ni. Kan Chief Minister tawngkam takin,

Khawpuia awm te hian, thingtlang lam-

a pemchhuah kan la chak thuai ang.

1

ST

PRIZE WINNER ON DEBATE COMPETITION.

Debate on “Kan ram (Mizoram) leilung luangral tur vennan lo nghet neih a tul”

Robert Lalthanmawia Cl-XII D/48

Synod Higher Secondary School

Pu Speaker, Vawiinah hian kan ram

leilung luangral tur vennan LO NGHET

NEIH a tul tih thupui pawimawh tak mai

sawina hun tha min pek avangin ka lawm

hle a, kan ram hi a dam lova, hliam nasa

tak a tuar a, a tuam damna RAMHMA-

NGAIHTU thinlunga piang, Zoram mipui

hnena sawina hun ka neih a vangin ka

lawm leh zual.

Vawiinah hian thu dik, kan la pawm

thiam si loh ka rawn sawi dawn a ni a,

tuna helaia lo ding ngei pawh hi tuiril

pawh ka la nih hma, kum 20 vel lai liam ta

atang tawh khan Agriculture Department

kaltlangin kan Sorkar hian kan thupui khi

a lo tlangau pui tawh a, hma nasa tak a lo

la tawhin tan a lo la tawh thin na a. Mizo-

ram mipui hnenah chuan ek zawrh ang

chauh a hralh kal lo a nih a vangin vawiin

thleng hian Lo nghet neih a tul zia swi a la

ngai ta fo hi, a lungchhiat thlak leh ling hle

a ni.

Kan rama lo nghet neihin Leilung

luangral tur a ven theih dan leh Leilung

luangral ven a ngaihchhante chu hetiang

hian han sawi dawn ila.

A hmasa berah chuan Pu Speaker,

kan hmuh leh kan hriat vek angin Mizo-

ram chu tlangram a ni a, zawl avangin

awih pangah kan inham tang a ni ber a.

He ram hi kan pi leh pu ten thisen tam tak

sengin luchhum banchhum huama min

rochun a ni. Kan ram leilung sawisak dan

a fuh loh em avangin a ni telin a chhe

deuh deuh zel a, YMA kalkhawm pawhin

‘KAN TLANG KAN RAM A HRING A MA-

WI’ tih hla pawh kan sak that duh tawh

loh a tang hian Rammawi, hring no ngh-

ulh mai kha mumangah pawh kan mang

pha lo a nih hi.

He ram zimte, arhmai tiat lek,

21,087 sq.Km lek hi kan enkawl fuh loh a

vangin buh leh bal pawh a tha thei lova,

khawvela Lo neih dan thing lei hlui ber,

Shifting Cultivation a vangin kan leilung

hian mipuite tan rah a chhuah thei lo a nih

hi. Ramhnufual zia kan chhawm mek zela,

kumtin kan insawn lawr thin avangin kan

rilru pawh hi a ngheh loh phah ni hian Pu

Speaker, kei chuan ka hre tlat a ni. He mi a

nih a vang khian kan ram tungding thar

leh turin Lo nghet neia bul kan tan that

leh hi a tul a ni. Leilung berin a rama

chengte tan rah a chhuah theih si loh

chuan, a rama chengte tan a ram hlutna a

bo tulh tulh dawn a. Zofate kan thanharh

a hun tawh a ni.

A dawt leh a tan chuan Pu Speaker,

thangthar lo awm zel turte tan chenna

tlak leilung kan hnutchhiah a tul a ni.

Ngawpui kumtin kan thiat a, March leh

April thlaah ngat phei chuan zanah ngaw-

pui kha a sen zuai zuai a, kangmei chhuak

meikhuin min ur a, boruak bawlhhlawhin

ram pum a fan a, WTC kang khuah ai

chuan Zoram kang khuah hian Setana

inlar tase a inhmeh zawkin Pu Speaker,

kei chuan ka ring tlat. Thu awih lo ho thil

tih a nih avang hian Sodom leh Gomora

sualna authawm ai chuan kan leilung

sawisak dan khi Pathian beng ti thlep

nasa tu a ni zawk ang tih hi a va hlauh

awm em.

Phai lama Mithiam lo kal te’n kan

ram leilung suasam dan an hmuhin ‘In

ramah hian chen reng I tum na nge?’ an ti

hial a sin. Lo nghet neiin kan leilung

humhalh tlat ila chuan kan ram leilung

luangral tur hi kan do tihna a ni ang a, kan

soil fertility lo sangin buh leh bal hawp

khawp tharin Pathianin kan chenna tur

min pek hi thangtharte tan chenna tlak

kan siam sak dawn a lo ni.

A dawt leh a tan chuan Pu Speaker,

kan traditional method of cultivation hian

ram ropui min thlen lo reng reng ang.

Retheihna, Thawhrimna hlawk lo, Corru-

ption, beidawnna chiah min pe. Mithia-

mte’n lo nghet neih dan Wet Rice Culti-

vation, Contour Farming, Terrace Farm-

ingte thatna kan ngaihthah reng a nih vaih

chuan, kan ram hi a than ve dawn loh

avangin min dawl loh hun a thleng thuai

dawn a. Silchar vai kan ngam lo tulh tulh

ang a, Politician te’n ‘Vai tlawn’ an uar

sauh ang a, kan ram chu Thlaler vaivutah

kan chan tir bawk dawn tihna a ni.

A tawp ber atan chuan Pu Speaker,

Leilung luang ral tur dan nan a Lo nghet

neih a tul zia hre tute hi Ram hma ngai tu

tak tak te an ni. Zofate kan muthlu rei ta,

puanven sawichhin a hun ta. Kan ram hi

USA in emaw Assamin emaw min rawn

siam that sak dawn lo, ka nu chuan

thenawm nu aiin kan in a hre chiang.

Chuvangin kan ram siamtha tur hian

zofate kan tha ber, kan mawhphurhna

pawh a ni. Leilung a luan ral zawh hma

hian Lo nghet nei a, kan ram humhalh vat

hi nang leh kei hian kan hriat thar leh a

tul tak zet a ni.

Pu Speaker, ka lawm e.

TAIWAN-AH CHUAN______

H. Lalthanpuia

Training Associate,

K.V.K. Kolasib.

Sawrkara kan hotute duhsakna ava-

ngin eng emaw lai khan Agriculture thilah

Republic of China, Taiwan-an ka han zin ve

a, ni 20 kan cham chhungin Meeting leh

hmun hrang hrang tlawhin hun kan hmang

a, chutianga kan thil hmuh leh hriat atang

chuan, Mizoram-a kuthnathawktute hriat

atana ka itte a then chauh ka’n tarlang ve

mai mai ang e.

Taiwan ram Agriculture chuan, Thl-

ai, Forest leh Sangha a huam a, anmahni

sawi dan takin, chaw, boruak tha leh ram

hnuai hring mawi te hi mihring mamawh,

pawimawh hmasa an ni. Chumi enkawltu

chu Executive Yuan’n Council of Agricul-

ture an ti a. Keini Ministry of Agriculture

ang hi a ni ang chu. Horticulture leh Animal

Husbandry nen pum khat vek an ni. De-

partment paruk, - Planning, Crop Produc-

tion, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Farmer’s

Service, International Co-operation-ah then

hran a ni a, he International Cooperation

Department hi kan zinna bultumtu ber an

ni. Khawvel ram hrang 16 (sawm paruk)

atanga kal khawm kan ni a, Kan ram ai ka

han awh ve tat a nih chu.

Taiwan ram hi Agriculture-ah an

hlawhtling ngiang a, tunah phei chuan a

chuang a liam tharchhuah loh an inzirtir

tawh zawk a, ei leh bar an mamawh tawk

thar chhuak chungin sum leh pai lei chhuak

tam thei zawngin ram enkawl an uar. An

thlai leh pangpar te foreign-ah an thawn

chhuak nasa hle. An thil thawnchhuah (Ex-

port) atanga sum hai luh dan chu a indawt-

in - Computer, Sangha, Pangpar, Thlai chi

hrang hrang, etc. a ni.

An ram Agriculture hi Chiang-Kai-

Shek-a hova China ram atanga an tlan-

chhiat atang khan refugee anga bul tanin,

tunah chuan an hun paltlang tak te kha an

chhuangin sawi nuam an ti hle. Policy

chiang tak (production, livelihood, ecology)

neiin, farmer te mamawh phur chhuakin,

an farmer te hamthatna humhimsak chu an

thupui ber a ni a, Agriculture hna thawh-

naa sum leh pai hman ral kawngah corrup-

tion a awm ve em? tih zawhna chu a

awmzia pawh an hrethiam mang lo. Kan

han sawi ho zau deuh hnu chuan an nuih a

za mai a, “chutiang thil chu eng atan nge ni

ang?” tiin min zawt let daih mai nia.

Tunhmaa buh hlawk chi Taichung

Native -I, Mizoram-ah pawh an lo chinve

tawh kha, he kan han khawsak Agriculture

hmunpui, Taichung District Agriculture

Improvement Station (TDAIS) a tih chhuah

hi a ni nghe nghe a, tunah phei chuan buh

chi thar tha tak tak an ti chhuak tam tawh

hle a, buh chi khat chu chin pun atan tlem

kan rawn hawn ve nghe nghe a, a ngainat-

awm hmel riauvin ka’n hre ngawt a.

An ram hmun thuma thena hmun

hnih chu tlang ram a ni ve a, chutiang

tlangram chu tichhe lovin, ramhnuai

(forest) atan an enkawl vek a, tlangram

awih panga chin chi thei chi hrang hrang te

pawh phai zawl hnai lamah chuan an ching

nasa mai. Theifeimung (Litchi) te, Theihai

te, Kawlthei, Balhla leh Serthlum te an

uarin, hnim zinga dah mai mai lovin an

thlai chinte an enkawl uluk hle. Balhla bu

leh kawltheirah te chu a tuamna bag-in zuk

tuam vek peih a mawle ! Keini tana tih

awm loh khawp hi anni chuan loh theih

lohah an ngai tlat. An grape huan mawlh

khi a awh awm. India rama Grape chin thin

te kan sik leh sa avanga kan awh hleih

theih loh laiin, ruah tui tlak tamna rama

chin chi (variety) khi chu ching ve ila kan

hlawhtlin ve ngei a beisei awm.

Hmun thuma thena hmun khat,

870,000 Ha. chauh chu thlai leh ran

enkawlna atan hmangin, khawpui leh

kalkawngin a awh ram te nen phei chuan

mihring maktaduai 23 zet chenna atan

chuan an tawt hle. Farm nei chhungkaw

790,000 vel an awm a, chhungkaw

pakhatin ram hectare khat chauh nei anga

chhut an ni. Hun pum senga farm-a

hnathawk kumtluan chu za zela sawm

pathum (13%) chauh an ni. Chuti pawh

chuan an hniang hnar rei rui mai si a; keini

Mizote zingah za-a sawmsarih panga

(75%) emaw lai kut hnathawktu awm nia

kan inchhut laiin, thla thum eih pawh kan

thar chhuak lawi si lo.

An mahni atanga kan hmuh leh awh em em chu ___

1) An hnathawhna hmun (farm) a puitling

2) An hnathawh hun chhung darkar a tam

3) Hna an uluk a, a tha tur ngeiin an thawk

4) An rinawm a, hlawhfate ven an ngai ve lo

5) An hmanrua leh hnathawhdan a changkang

6) Farmers’ Assocition nghet tha takah an tel vek

7) Policy chiang sa zuiin hna an thawk a farmer te tan risk a a wm ve lo.

THAILAND LAMAH

- R.K. Nithanga

SDAO, Darlawn.

Ni 29

th

Oct, 2001 atanga 7

th

Dec,

2001 chhung khan India sorkara Ministry

of Agriculture bul tumin Bangkok hmuna

Asian Institute of Technology - ah training

ka han nei a. Ka kal min phalsaktu Mizoram

Sorkar chungah leh engkim min ruahman

puitu Agriculture Director chungah lawm-

thu ka sawi hmasa duh a.

India ram atangin Training course

pahnih nei turin mi 6 kan kal a, pathum ve

ve in kan inthen a ni. Cambodia leh Pakis-

tan atangin mi 4 an lo kal ve bawk a. Kan

training ber chu loneitute kaihhruai leh zir-

tir dan a nia, a saptawngin Strategic Exten-

sion Campaign Development tih a ni. A zir-

na ngialngan leh chipchiar zawk chu offi-

cial- in hotute hnenah ka pe tawh a, a beh-

bawm leh mkipui mimir - in kan hriat

awma kan ngaih te lo tarlang ila -

1. Thailand hi Lal nei ram (Mo-

narchy) an ni a, an Lal chhungkua an zahin

an ngaisang a, an chawimawi thiam hle.

Kan han awm ve lai December ni 5 kha an

Lal piancham vawi 73 - na a ni a, rampum-

ah a lawmna ropui tak an siam a, a thlalak

lian pui pui kawngdung hmun tam takah

hmuh tur a awm.

2. An rama sakhaw hrang hrang

leh a zuitu tam lam chu hetiang a ni -

1- Bhuddhists - 93.47%

2- Muslims - 3.96%

3- Christians - 0.52%

4- Hindu & Sikhs - 0.01%

5- Sakhaw hriatloh - 2.04%

3. Hmun tinah hmeichhia an tam

hle aram population ah pawh hmeichhia an

tam zawk niin an sawi. Mizoram ang maiin

mipa leh hmeichhia inlakhranna a awm lo-

va, hna engkim hmeichhiain an thawk a.

Bazar hmunah phei chuan mipa an tlem

hle. Bus Conductor pawh ka chuan ve naah

chuan hmeichhia vek an ni. Phisamlak kha-

wpuiah phei chuan Silchar Rickshaw ang

deuh khu a lo tam ve mai a, Rickshaw khal-

htu zingah hmeichhia te pawh an awm ve a

ni. Bangkok international airport - a Securi-

ty check - ah pawh hmeichhe police - in mi

pa an dap zu nia! Kan course coordinator te

pawh hmeichhia ve ve an ni a, kan zinna

hmun zawng zawnga min hruaitu an ni. Ka-

n training chhunga resource persons zinga

mi pawh a zatve aia tam hmeichhia an ni.

4. Kawngpui an nei tha hle a.

Bangkok khawpui lunlaiah chuan traffic

jam a nasa ve hle thung. Motor kawng leih-

lawn (fly over) an uar hle a, hmun tam tak

inherna atan ‘U’ turn fly over an siama,

traffic a mumal phah hle. Highway an nei

tha hle a. Bangkok leh chiangmai inkar

pawh Km. 720 vel a ni a darkar 9 chhungin

kan thleng der mai - chhun chaw ei leh zun

ram thiarin kan chawl zut lehnghal. Hei

hian motor an khalh chak tih lam aiin, an

kawng a ngilin a mam tha a, a zau tawk tih

a tilang awm e. Kawng dung tuak cheimawi

an uar hle a thing cheimawi leh pangparin

hawivel a tinuam hle.

5. Hongkong leh Sungapore ata-

nga Bangkok rawn lut te chuan Bangkok

khawpui chu an hmu tawp viau niin an sa-

wi thin a, Keini India ram tanga ramdang la

tlawh kual ve ngai lovin Bangkok kan han

hmu chu fai fel hlein kan han hmu a. Mihr-

ing an incheifai nalh a. Bazar hmun leh Pu-

blic place te a fai thain hmun tinah inthiar-

na a awm a, bawlhhlawh bawm a tam hle

bawk.

6. Mihring an hawihhawm hle a,

tawngkam tha leh hawihhawm an uar hle.

Awka vin leh tawngki sang hriat tur avang

hle. Nem dam takin an tawng thin niin ala-

nga, India miten mitmu lianpui nena ring

tawka kan han tawng ve chuan thinram

emaw min ti ta thin a, a buaithlak lek lek

thin. Mitin “Khop khum Krap/kha (Thank

you) tih te Sa wadi khap/kha (Good morn-

ing) tih an uar hle (Krap = mipa tawng, Kha

= hmeichhe tawng).

7. Bank ah te, ticket lakna hmun-

ah te intlara nghah a ngaih changin an po-

lite hle thin. Counter - ah mi pakhatin a da-

wr mek laiin a bul hnaiah an va nek buai ve

ngai lova, a dawt leh a kal turin kar awl feet

6 vel danah a lo nghak thin. Hei hi kan chin

ve atan tha hlein ka hria. Keini India atanga

kalte chu midang an awm ve miah loh

pawhin kan 6 chuan kan intibuai hle thin a,

thenkhatin an dawr mek laiin a sirtuak

atangin thil dang lo zawh ve phet kan tum

thin a, a zahthlak thei fu. Nghahpeihna kan

tlachham a ni ber awm e.

8. Thailand ram hmarlam (Mya-

nmar ram dep) leh hmarchhak te hi tlang-

ram tlangmi chenna a ni a, changkanglo leh

dawmkan ngai an lo ni ve a. Henglaia triba-

ls te tihhmasawn nan an Lal (King of Thai-

land) chuan a hranpa liau liau - in Project a

siam a. Hei hi Royal Development Project

an ti a, hmun 36 laiah project hi thawh mek

a ni. Heng project te hi kum 10 lai an lo

kalpui tawh a. Henglaia cheng tlangmi tri-

bal ho, tunhma a Opium chin ringawt hnaa

neih ho khan tunah chuan Opium chin

bansanin Royal Project hnuaiah tunlai thia-

mna hmangin thei, pangpar leh chawhmeh

thlai te hlawhtling takin an ching ve thei ta

a ni. Heng Royal Project tin atan hian kum-

tin Thailand pawisa B 50 million an seng

thin a (1 US Dollar = 43 B). Heng sum te hi

Lal chhungkaw ro atang te leh Ramdang

Japan, Germany, Taiwan, etc tanpuina ata-

nga hmuh a ni.

9. An ram a lum a, thlasik a awm

ve meuh lo a ni ber awm e. Air Condition an

uar hle a. Bazar hmun te, Taxi leh Bus te,

Loneitute pick - up truck thlengin A.C deuh

vek a ni. Ramdanga thawn tur Ar vulhna

leh vawk vulhna hmun te pawh AC vek a ni

an ti.

10. Ram intodelhna lam kalsan ta-

whin Ramdang atanga sum hailuh lam an

ngaihven hle niin alang. Pangpar, abikin

Nauban, Arsa leh thei chi hrang hrang Man-

gosteen, Litchi, Durian, Pineapple, etc. te

ramdangah an thawnchhuak nasa hle. Lon-

eitute leh sorkar mithiamte an inbiak pawh

reng theihna turin leh an in tanpui tawn z-

ung zung theih nan Sub - district tinah Tec-

hnology Transfer center an nei a. Heng hm-

un te hi kan han tlawh ve nghe nghe a ni.

Sorkarin building tha tawk tak a sak sak a,

chu centre chu loneitute enkawlin Sorkar

lam aiawhin Executive body ah Sub - distr-

ict Agri. Extension officer leh AEO te an tel

ve a, an Sub - district huamchhung khaw-

tinah khawhotu (Village head/VCP) te leh

loneitu pawl hrang hrang atanga aiawhte

Executive body ah hian an tel ve bawk a ni.

Tichuan chawlhkar nite chu fel taka hun

tithliah siamin Thawhtanniah Agri. Officer

biak theihin a awm anga, Thawhlehni ah

Sericulture, Nilaini ah Industry…… chuti-

angin Sub - district huamchhunga miten an

mamawh ang zelin mithiamte an berawn

thei thin a ni. He Center hi loneitute tana

training pekna hmun remchang tak a ni

nghal bawk a ni.

11. Hralhna tha a awm chuan tha-

rchhuah a pung thin (Marketing leads Pro-

duction) tih an hriat avangin Marketing

facilities an ngai pawimawh hle. Heng ava-

ng hian Contract farming - thlai chin hmaa

a leitu tur nena a man thua inbiakrem

hmasak ang chi te an uar hle a ni. Tin Agri-

culture Cooperative te an changtlungin an

tangkaipui hle a. Heng Agri. Coop. te hian

thlai chin piah lamah member te Loan puk

tir dan te, a hralhna siamsak leh leisak te,

inzirtirna lam te nitin mamawh man tlawm

zawka an lei theihna hmun market siam te

thlengin an thawk a ni.

Hun reilote chhungah tlem te han zir

ni mah ila sawi tur leh zir tur tam tak a

awm thei a. A tlangkawmna atan chuan -

Mimalin Sorkar tanpuina direct - in an da-

wng ve lova, tuina thuhmun neite inhlawm

khawmin co-operative society-te an din a,

chung Society chuan Sorkar leh BAAC (Ba-

nk for Agriculture and Agril. Cooperatives)

atang te a sum pukin hamthatna an insiam

ta thin a ni. Hmun hrang hrang kan fan vel

naah pawh Agril. Cooperatives hnathawh

dan leh Private Firm te kan en ber a, Resea-

rch station lo chu Sorkar hmalakna hmuh

tur a awm meuh lo niin an sawi. Sorkar

hnathawk (field workers) te chuan mipui

te zirtir, kaihhruai leh a tul huna tanpui

bak chu an thawk lem lo niin alang.

AGRICULTURE FARM, NEIHBAWI A LA LEH BELIANG CHIN PAWLH (8.10.2001)

PHULPUI KHUA FU CHINGTU TE TRAINING LAI (21.12.2001)

KAWLKULH LEILET (W.R.C) SERLUI ZAU (29.10.2001)

DARLAK TUIKAWNG, PI DARI ZAU

Role of Biofertilizers for Enhancing the Maize

Productivity in Mizoram

Dr. K. Laxminarayana

Scientist (Soil Science)

ICAR Mizoram Centre, Kolasib

Introduction

The fertilizer consumption in Mizo-

ram was 0.20, 0.44 and 0.33 thousand

tonnes of N, P

2

O

5

and K

2

O according to

estimates of 1997 - 98. Consumption of fer-

tilizers is low in Mizoram as compare to

Manipur, Tripura and Meghalaya. The N, P,

K, use ratio was found to be 0.6:1..3.1. The

imbalance and low usage of fertilizers be-

sides low efficiency of nutrients caused a

considerable yield reduction of crops. Gen-

erally, the farmers are not applying any in-

organic chemical fertilizers to maize except

meager quantities in few locations and the

crop is thriving on inherent soil fertility,

which results in lower crop yields. It has

been noticed that there is still large scale

ignorance amongst the rural including such

belief that application of fertilizers would

spoil the cultivable land. Since the fertilizer

cost is increasing day by day due to increa-

sed cost of raw material in their manu-

facture and removal of subsidy on fertiliz-

ers, poor and marginal farmers are not in a

position to afford much to purchased these

costly fertilizer inputs. On the other hand,

biofertilizers are very cheaper sources and

can be supplemented to the fertilizers. Co-

mplementary use of biofertilizers and or-

ganic manures in suitable combination

with chemical; fertilizers is the only opion

available to sustain higher crop product-

ivity but also to maintain higher soil

fertility.

The term biofertilizer refers to pre-

paration containing primarily active strain-

s of specific micro-organism, which helps

in enhancing then soil fertility either by

fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilisation

/mineralization of phosphorous and potas-

sium or decomposing organic waste or by

augmenting plant growth by producing

growth promoting substances with their

biological activities. It is normally sold as

carried based biofertilizers or liquid bio-

fertilizers.

These micro-organism play very vit-

al role in mobilization of different nutrient

from organic and unavailable forms to ava-

ilable forms and vice versa. Presence of

high organic matter in the soils is the most

advantageous feature for the increased use

of microbes, which not only proliferate

rapidly in presence of high organic matter

but also helps in quick decomposition of

organic materials at higher altitudes. Incre-

ased use of chemical fertilizers, fungicides

and pesticide has badly affected the micro-

flora, which is being reflected in loss of soil

fertility. In this heterogenous soil micro-

flora complex, there are certain group or

micro - organism which plays a significant

role in mobilizing the availability of nutri-

ents from their inert elemental or complex

organic or inorganic forms to simple avai-

lable forms. Biofertilizers are ready to use

living formulations of micro-organisms,

which on application to seed, root or soil

helps in build up of the microflora and in

turn the soil health in general.

Advantages of Using Biofertilizers

1. Helps in increased availability of

nutrients, specially the nitrogen and

phosphorus.

2. Replace 25 - 30% equivalent ferti-

lizer cost.

3. Increases 15 - 30% in vegetative gr-

owth and the grain yields by 10 -

40%

4. Activate the biological activity, the-

reby increases natural fertility status

of soil.

5. Helps in decomposition of plant

residues, thereby minimizing C/N

ratio of soil improving soil texture

and structure, increasing water hol-

ding capacity. Does not have any

harmful effect on soil fertility and

plant growth.

6. Helps in stimulating plant growth

and expanded root system as they

secrete various growth promoting

harmones, providing better nutrient

uptake and increased tolerance tow-

ards drought and moisture stress.

7. These micro-organisms also secrete

some fungistic and antibiotic like

substances, which reduce the incide-

nce of certain disease and increase

disease resistance.

Nitrogen fixing biofertilizers

like Azotobacter and Azospirillum, P

solubilizing bacteria like Bacillus

and Pseudomonas and potassium so-

lubilizing bacteria can be inoculated

with maize seeds to increase the

availability and to enhance the effi-

ciency of N, P and K fertilizers.

Azotobacter

It is an aerobic, gram negative, rod

shaped, free living nitrogen fixing bacteria.

It performs better at

p

H of 6.5 - 7.0 and 35 -

40% moisture status in the soil. The shelf

life the bacterium is minimum 6 months.

Various species of Azotobacteria are A.

agilis, A. ingrinis, A. chroococcum, A. beije-

rinckii, A. vinelandii A. Chrorcoccum. Seed

or seedling bacterization with Azotobacter

culture is a very simple process. One pac-

ket of culture is sufficient to inoculate seed

material to sow an arc of land. When

applied as seed treatment or soil applica-

tion, they multiply rapidly and develop a

thick population around root system (Rhi-

zosphere). While living freely, they derive

food from organic matter present in the

soil and root exudates and fix atmospheric

nitrogen, which can be absorbed by ad-

joining roots. Besided fixing nitrogen, these

bacteria also secrete certain growth har-

mones such as indole acetic acid, gibbe-

rellic acid and cytokinins, which promote

vegetative growth and root development.

These bacteria has also been found to be

secreting some anti-biotic substances whi-

ch reduces the incidence of certain soil

borne diseases and suppresses the growth

of saprophytic and pathogenic micro-

organisms near the root system of crop.

Azotobacter being aerobic in nature gives

better result in well-aerated light to

medium textured soil.

Several studies indicated that Azo-

tobacter helps in maintaining better plant

population, crop growth and, increased

grain yields from 15 to 30% Azotobacter is

not a substitude to nitrogenous fertilizer

and N requirement of the crop can be

curtailed by 15-25 kg N ha-

1

. Azotobacter

inoculation helps in improving of nutrient

uptake especially N uptake.

Azospirillum

Azospirillum is a free-living, gram

negative, spiral shaped nitrogen fixer and

occurs in association with roots. It shows

good response at a pH of 7.0 - 8.0 and 35 -

40% available moisture status with a shelf

life of 6 months. There are three main spe-

cies of Azospirillum viz., A. amazonese, A.

lipoferum and A. brasilence. It can also wit-

hstand water-logging for sometime. After

onoculation with seed or soils they multi-

ply rapidly, move towards the root some

and develop a thick population on root sur-

face (Rhizoplane). They depend on root ex-

udates for their food and in turn fix the

nitrogen and provide to the plant. Thus

they establish an associative symbiotic re-

lationship with the plants. They have also

potential to fix nitrogen and secretion of

growth harmones similar to Azotobacter

inoculation, but because of their symbiotic

association with roots the utilization of

fixed nitrogen and growth promoting

substance by the plants is much higher in

comparision to Azotobacter inoculation.

The bacterization of maize with Azospi-

rillum culture is found to an increase of 15-

20% grain yield and saves the fertilizer

cost to a tune of 15-25 kg N ha

-1

.

Phosphate solubilizing biofertilizer (Ph-

osphatika)

Phosphate solubilizing biofertilizer

or phosphatika is a preparation comprising

a mixture of various bacteria and fungi.

Prominent bacteria are Bacillus polymyxa

and Pseudomonas striata and fungi are

Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum and

Schwanniomyces occidentalis. Suitable com-

binations of these organisms are being

mixed as per the crop requirement. It can

be applied through seed treatment, seed-

ling root dipping or as soil treatment. They

multiply rapidly around developing roots

and in adjoining soil. These micro-organi-

sms secrete various types of organic acids

such as citric, fumaric, glumatic, glyoxalic,

lactic, maleic, succinic and ketoglutaric

acids. The organic acids dissolve mineral

phosphates and phosphorylated mineral

can be attributed to form stable complexes

with Ca, Al and Fe and thus release

orthophosphate ions. Besides enhancing P

use efficiency, they also secrete growth

promoting substances with influences pla-

nt growth. The studies proved that phos-

phatika application increase the P uptake

by 30 to 60% and the yield increased by

10-20%. Application of rock phosphate and

phosphatika gave the yield equivalent to

40kg P

2

O

5

as single super phosphate.

Potash Solubilizing Bacteria

It is a gram negative, motile, rod

shaped, obligatory aerobic bacteria and

tolerates pH from 3.5 - 8.5. The potash sol-

ubilizing bacteria can be used as a co-

inoculant with Azotobacter, Azospirillum,

Phosphatika etc. It has no antogonistic

effect. The bacteria can be used @ 1 kg per

care. Soil application is ideal for inocu-

lation. The bacteria have to be mixed with

200-500 kg of compost or FYM and it can

be applied in furrows before sowing of the

crop. It was recorded 15-25% higher yield

with the inoculation of potash solubilizing

bacteria.

Method of inoculation

Seed Treatment

For inoculating seed for one acre of

land, prepare 10% solution of jaggery or

sugar in 500ml of water. Boil the solution

till it appears stickiness and cool it

completely. Mix the inoculant in the cooled

solution thoroughly. One packet culture is

sufficient to inoculate the seed material for

one acre of land. Heap the seed on a clean

surface and pour the inoculant slurry. Mix

the slurry with the seed evently, dry it

under shade and sow immediately. For aci-

dic soils it is always advisable to use 1kg of

lime power for coating the wet biofertilizer

treated seeds.

Seedling Root Dip Treatment

Mix 1-2 kg each of nitrogen fixing

(Azotobacter/Azospirillum) and phospha-

tika biofertilizer in sufficient quantity of

water (depending upon the quantity and

seedlings required to be planted in one

acre). Dip the roots of seedlings in this

suspension for 20-30 minutes before trans-

planting.

Soil Treatment

Mix 2-4 kg of Azotobacter/ Azospi-

rillum inoculant and 2-4 kg of phosphatika

in 2-4 lit. of water separately and sprinkled

this suspension on two heat of 50-100 kg

of FYM. Mix the two heaps separately and

allow this for incubation overnight. After

12 hours mix the two heaps together. For

acidic soils, mix 25 kg lime in this mixture.

This mixture is broadcasted evently in the

most field and mixed with soil just before

sowing.

Precautions

1. For multiplication of these bacterial

fertilizers, neutral pH is required

and hence liming should be done

well in advance of sowing of the

crop.

2. Optimum temperature required for

the multiplication of bacterial cells is

between 25-30 .

3. High humidity with better aeration

in the root zone are required for the

development of these biofertilizers.

4. In light texture soils such as sandy

loam, loam or sandy type with low

water holding capacity, use Azo-

tobacter + phosphatika in equal

quantities.

5. In heavy texture clay or clay loam

soils with high water holding

capacity, use Azospirillum + phos-

phatika in equal quantities.

6. In the medium type soils like loams

with moderate water holding capa-

city and pH more towards acidic, use

Azotobacter + phosphatika in 1:1:2

ratio.

7. Solid application of insecticides is

detrimental for the microbial activi-

ty. Biofertilizer treated seed should

not be mixed with chemical fertili-

zers, insecticides and pesticides.

8. In case of fungicide treated seeds

with Bavistin or Thiram, inoculate

double the recommended dose of bi-

ofertilizer. First treat the seeds with

fungicides and then inoculate with

the biofertilizer culture. Use specific

biofertilizer for specific crop.

9. These micro-organisms are very

much sensitive to high salt concen-

trations.

10. Use the inoculant expiry date speci-

fied on each packet. Once the biofer-

tilizer packet opened, use its whole

content in one time. It is necessary

to follow all instructions as mention-

ed on the packets.

11. Avoid use of biofertilizers with full

recommended dose of N chemical

fertilizers. There should be 15-20

days gap between their application

for better nitrogen fixation.

12. Protect the inoculant packet and

inoculated seed from derect sunlight

and store them in a cool place.

13. Protect the inoculated seeds from

direct contact with chemical ferti-

lizers and pesticides and sow the

seeds immediately after inoculation.

The result of the experiments con-

ducted at ICAR Research Complex for NEH

Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib revealed

that bacterization of seeds with Azoto-

bacter and Azospirillum along with appli-

cation of fertilizer N up to 60 kg N ha

-1

significantly increased the grain yield,

other yield attributes and N uptake by

grains and stover (Table 1). Maize showed

significant response in terms of yield and N

uptake with the inoculation Azotobacter

and Azospirillum with the limited supply of

fertilizer N. usage of N fixing biofertilizers

in maize enhances the crop production,

improves the efficiency of fertilizers and

saves the fertilizer cost to a tune of 20-30

kg N ha

-1

.

Table 1 : Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum on yield performance of maize

Treatment

Kernel

yield

(q ha

-1

)

Stover

yield

(q ha

-1

)

N uptake

(kg ha

-1

)

Yield

response

(%)

Uptake

response

(%)

Grain

Stover

1. Control

2. 40 kg N ha

-1

3. 60 kg N ha

-1

4. 80 kg N ha

-1

5. Azotobacter

6. Azotobacter+40 kg N ha

-1

7. Azotobacter+60 kg N ha

-1

8. Azospirillum

9. Azospirillum+40 kg N ha

-1

10. Azospirillum+60 kg N ha

-1

4.68

8.22

11.38

12.80

6.75

10.17

13.58

6.09

9.14

11.74

7.32

13.90

16.68

18.69

9.04

16.58

19.06

8.96

14.62

17.37

8.05

18.58

28.91

34.56

12.83

24.61

36.12

11.33

21.75

30.05

7.61

25.58

35.03

40.74

13.74

37.14

43.84

13.62

31.58

38.21

-

75.6

143.2

173.5

44.2

117.3

190.2

30.1

95.3

150.9

-

130.8

259.1

329.3

59.4

205.7

348.7

40.7

170.2

273.3

Keimahni

A. PROMOTION :

(1) Pu K. Cholo, SMS, DAO Saiha Office chu Deputy Director (Soil Survey), Directorate of

Agriculture, Aizawl ah a kaisang a ni.

(2) Pi Chuauhmingliani, LDC, Joint Director (Minor Irrigation Wing). Directorate of

Agriculture and Minor Irrigation a thawk chu U.D.C. ah a kaisang a, SDAE(M.I.) office,

Serchhip ah dah a ni.

B. TRANSFER AND POSTING :

Sl.No. NAME & DESIGNATION PLACE OF TRANSFER AND POSTING

1. Pu James Vanlalluaia, - SMS (Agronomy) DAO Aizawl

Instructor, ITC, Hnahthial West District Office, Aizawl.

2. Pu S.R. Paul, SMS (Agro) - Instructor, ITC Hnahthial.

DAO Aizawl West District

3. Pu V.L. Muana, SDAO - ASSO, Directorate of Agriculture

Mamit Aizawl.

4. Pi R. Zothansangi, LDC - DAO, Aizawl West District Office,

Directorate of Agriculture

5. Pi Lalhmingliani, LDC - Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl.

DAO Aizawl West Office

6. Pi Vanbeiseii, LDC - Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl.

SDE Office, Champhai

7. Pi Chanchinmawii, LDC - Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl.

SDAO Office, Mamit.

C. PENSION :

Heng kan thawhpuite hian an hna rinawm taka thawk zovin, Pension in min

chhuahsan ta a, an vaiin ni 31.10.2001 thleng an hna rinawm tak a thawkin Ni

1.11.2001 atang pension an ni.

1. Pu K.C. Pugal - S.D.A.E. (M.I.) Kolasib.

2. Pu Laldingluaia - A.E.O. Lawngtlai.

3. Pu Tawnluaia - Driver, Dte. of Agriculture.

4. Pu Adikman Thapa - Duftry, DAE(MI)Office, Aizawl.

D. MEETING AND FUNCTION :

1. Ni 21

st

November, 2001 khan Agriculture Conference Hall ah Inaugural Function Of

National Land Resources Conservation Week hman a ni a, Chief Guest - Pu Aichhinga,

Minister of Agriculture etc. chuan he Week hi a hawng a, thu tha tak tak sawiin, “Zoram ei

leh bar a kan lo intodelh na turin ram leilung leh tui te hmang tangkai a humhalh tlat hi

Mizoram mipuite hian kan tih ngei ngei tur a ni” a ti. Kan ram leilung luangral tur ven nan

Lo nghet neih a tul tih thupui hmangin Synod Higher Secondary School zirlaite leh Govt.

Higher Secondary School zirlai te Debate ngaihnawm tak leh tangkai tak an nei a. He Debate

a lawmman dawngtu chu :

PAKHATNA: = Robert Lalthanmawia, Class-XI/D/48 Synod Higher Secondary School.

PAHNIHNA: = S.T. Lalbiaksanga, Class-XI/B/65, Synod Higher Secondary School.

PATHUMNA:= H. Lalfakawma, Class-XI/C/75, Government Higher Secondary School.

1. He Debate Competition hi MJA hruaitu hlunte - Pu D.R. Zirliana, Editor, Mizo Aw te, Pu

Robert Lalchhuana, Editor, Romei te leh Pu Lalkhawliana, Editor, Highlander te’n an endik a

ni.

2. Ni 27-28.11.2001 khan Pu Aichhinga, Honorable Minister of Agriculture etc.

kaihhruainain Agriculture Officers chin ten Agriculture Conference Hall-ah Meeting

pawimawh tak an nei a; Zoram ei leh bara kan intodelh thuai theihna turin Circle, Sub-

Division, District leh Directorate te tan lak dan tur thu pawimawh tak tak an sawi ho a ni.

E. EXCHANGE VISITOR:

(a) LONEITU (FARMER) TE TAN :

Ni 1.11.2001 ah Aizawl chhuahsanin Farmers (Loneitute) mi 16 te chuan Punjab

State a Agriculture hmunpui pawimawh tak tak te zuk tlawh a, zuk zirin Ni 12.11.2001 khan

tluang takin Aizawl, Mizoram an lo thleng a ni.

(b) EXTENSION FUNCTIONARIES TAN : (Agriculture Field Officers and Field

Staff te tan)

1) Ni 24.10.2001 ah Aizawl chhuahsanin Extension Functionaries 10 te chuan Bhopal

(Madhya Pradesh) a Agriculture hmun pawimawh te en leh zirin an kal a, Ni

5.11.2001 khan Aizawl, Mizoram an lo thleng a ni.

2) Ni 30.10.2001 ah Aizawl chhuahsanin Extension Functionaries 10 te chuan

Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) a Agriculture hmun pawimawh te en leh zirin an kal a,

Ni 11.11.2001 khan Aizawl, Mizoram an lo thleng a ni.

3) Ni 31.10.2001 ah Aizawl chhuahsanin Extension Functionaries 10 te chuan

Coimbator, Chennai (Tamil Nadu) a Agriculture hmun pawimawh te en leh zirin an

kal a, Ni 9.11.2001 khan Aizawl, Mizoram an lo thleng a ni.